Scots Common Army (1124AD-1512AD)

Liste DBM n° 16 du Book 4

les mini/maxi sont donnés pour des armées en 200, 300 ou 400 pts, l'Agressivité est de 3

Agressivité : 3 Zone Topographique : arable. Terrain obligatoire : aucun. Terrains optionnels : Cours d'eau, colline escarpée, colline douce, bois, ville, vergers, terrain accidenté.

Liste commune

Only in Scotland or England

* Le minimum ne s’applique que si un élément de cette troupe est utilisé.

Only in Scotland or England before 1162 AD

* Le minimum ne s’applique que si un élément de cette troupe est utilisé.

Only after 1250 AD

Only in Scotland or England in 1385 AD

* Le minimum ne s’applique que si un élément de cette troupe est utilisé.

Only on the Continent from 1419 AD to 1429 AD

French allies – List Medieval French (Bk 4)

Only after 1456 AD

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Historiques - Conseils de jeu

This list covers Scots armies from the introduction of the feudal system by David I until the pre-Flodden importation of true pikes. Scots knights' armour lagged behind that of the richer English, and they were too few and too aware of their inferiority to resist the English knighthood. Some had fiefs on both sides of the border, leading to divided loyalties, others might be at feud with the King or his close supporters, providing tenuous excuses for fighting on the English side. Usually only the best fought mounted; after Bannockburn in 1314, rarely any. At Bannockbum the dismounted gentry were concentrated in the vanguard and dismounted gentry charged impetuously at Rouvray in 1429. They could alternatively stiffen the front ranks of all spear blocks, in which case they must be classed as Pk (I). James I (1424 - 1437) tried to introduce the longbow, but witbout much success. A Scots army's strength lies in its abundance of yeomen spearmen. When raiding into England these were often all mounted on ponies and could use their extra mobility to take Up a defensive position where they could not successfully be attacked, then decamp ovemight. Robert the Bruce's "Testament" advised that all battles should be fought on foot making use of hills, marsh and woods, and that attacks should be confined to surprises by night and ambushes by day. This became less practical when the English introduced mounted longbowmen, and Scots armies then tumed to massed attacks with spearmen against dismounted English men-at-arms and longbows which were uniformly disastrous. Although Scots mythology focuses on the Wars of Independence against Edward I and II, the Scots in fact fought most of their battles on English soil and the atrocities perpetrated by their ribaulds on the civil population were notorious. The Isles and Highlands were independent until 1493, being covered by their own list, but provided contingents described on one occasion as "3,000 of the most outrageous people in all the country". Minima marked * apply only if any element of that origin is used. French, Galwegians or Islesmen must be commanded by a general of their own origin. Highlanders can be commanded by a Highland or Islesman general or by the C-in-C. Kn (S) can always dismount as Bd (S). Kn (O) or Kn (I) can always dismount as Irr Sp (S) or Irr Pk (I). Edward Bruce's attempt to gain the throne of Ireland is covered by the Medieval Irish Iist. French troops under Jean de Vienne were sent to Scotland for a joint campaign in 1385. A French general in 1385 must command all French, but can also command Norman-Scots Kn. A Scottish army of up to 10,000 men campaigned with the French in France and Burgundy in the third decade of the l5th century. At the battles of Baugé and Cravant they formed the majority of the Franco-Scottish army. Towards the end of the period, interest was being shown in the large scale use of artillery in the field, culminating in the massed battery at Flodden in 1513. King James II showed too close an interest in his artillery, being killed when a gun exploded at the siege of Roxburgh castle in 1460. "Cartis of Weire" mounting two small breech-loading cannon were called for in 1456 and 1471.

D.B.M. Army Lists, Book 4: 1071 AD to 1500 AD (2nd Edition, March 1999)

Notes sur les "Cartis of Weire" et les "Bombards" :

Un acte de 1456 autorisait le roi d’Ecosse à demander à certains grands barons de fournir chacun un char de guerre (« Cartis of Weire ») portant deux canons à double fût et à entraîner des artilleurs. James II acquit quelques pièces d’artillerie avec sa fiancée, Mary, dont la maison, Ravenscraig, fut le premier château en Ecosse doté d’une plate-forme d’artillerie. Il fut tué dans l’explosion d’un canon qu’il supervisait au cours du siège du château de Roxburgh en 1460.

Traduction : Jean-Philippe Mellet

Source : http://www.nwlink.com/~scotlass/jamesii.htm

En 1457, le roi James II reçut en cadeau deux gros canons de siège de son oncle par alliance, Philippe le Bon, duc de Bourgogne. « Mons Meg » est l’exemplaire survivant de cette paire de bombardes. Il fut construit à Mons en Belgique en 1449. « Meg » est le diminutif écossais de « Margaret ». Son aspect était impressionnant. Il tirait des projectiles de 150 kg à 3 km, mais à une cadence de seulement 8 coups par jour. Son poids de plus de 6 tonnes le rendait peu maniable et difficile à déplacer, surtout à cette époque où les routes carrossables n’étaient pas encore construites. Il ne pouvait parcourir que 5 km par jour en moyenne et il fallait 100 hommes pour le déplacer.

(Traduction et compilation : Jean-Philippe Mellet)

Sources :

http://www.rampantscotland.com/edinburgh/bledin_meg.htm

http://www.rampantscotland.com/know/blknow_monsmeg.htm

http://www.historic-scotland.gov.uk/index/ne_news_events/ne_archives/news_monsmeg.htm